Susceptible alloys, especially steels, react with hydrogen sulfide, forming metal sulfides and atomic hydrogen as corrosion byproducts. The effect of quenching temperature, t q, on the sulfide stress cracking ssc behaviors was estimated via the double cantilever beam dcb and the electrochemical hydrogen permeation ehp. Sulfide stress cracking ssc also known as sour gas cracking sour gas. Highstrength seamless steel tube, having excellent resistance to sulfide stress cracking, for oil wells and method for manufacturing the same download pdf info publication number us9234254b2. Weldable martensitic stainless steels are an attractive alternative to duplex stainless steel for co 2 resistant piping. Sulfide stress cracking ssc is a form of hydrogen embrittlement which is a cathodic cracking. The national association of corrosion engineers nace test method tm0177 is widely used to qualify metals for resistance to sulfide stress cracking and stress corrosion cracking in h 2 s environments. Sulfide stress corrosion cracking, also known as sulfide stress cracking ssc, is a stress corrosion cracking phenomena that occurs in the presence of hydrogen sulfide.
Ssc of base metal can be classified into two types, depending on microstructures. Sulfide stress crackingnace mr01752002, mr0175iso 15156 652 te c h n i c a l so slow that the critical concentration is never reached. Test conditions for pipeline materials selection with high. The possibility that cold work affects the resistance to sulphide stress cracking is not unrecognised. Standard material requirements materials resistant to.
It can occur when carbonsteel equipment becomes exposed to wet h 2 s service environments, and it can come in several different forms. In addition to the api grades, there are proprietary grades used in h2s service. This is a complex topic, other factors, such as ph, chloride concentration, and temperature also affect the potential for steel cracking. H2s can cause sulfide stress cracking of stainless steels. Sulfide stress cracking ssc is a form of hydrogen embrittlement which is a cathodic cracking mechanism. Sulphide stress cracking of joints in martensitic steels twi. The nace mr0175 standards metals for sulfide stress cracking and stress corrosion cracking resistance in sour oilfield environments. Corrosion engineering is the field dedicated to controlling and preventing corrosion in the most common use of the word, this means. Sour gas cracking, also known as sulfide stress cracking ssc, is the deterioration of metal due to contact with hydrogen sulfide h 2 s and moisture. Us9234254b2 highstrength seamless steel tube, having.
H 2 s becomes severely corrosive in the presence of water. This condition can lead to embrittlement of the material, resulting in cracking under the combined action of tensile stress and corrosion. Sulfide stress cracking nace mr01752002, mr0175iso. It should not be confused with the term stress corrosion cracking which is an anodic cracking mechanism. Sulfide stress cracking ssc testing southwest research. It is the gradual destruction of materials usually a metal by chemical andor electrochemical reaction with their environment. Sulfide stress cracking can occur at a very low concentration of h 2 s, especially at high pressure. In this environment, not only is hydrogen sulfide stress cracking a concern, but the presence of brine or salt water introduces the additional. Hydrogen sulfide h 2 s is a naturally occurring gas that can be deadly to humans and corrosive to oil and gas equipment, especially in the presence of water. Is sulfide stress cracking an anodic or a cathodic process. Nace tm01772016 laboratory testing of metals for resistance to sulfide stress cracking and stress corrosion cracking in h2s environments. Sulfide stress cracking is a form of hydrogen embrittlement that occurs in highstrength steels and in localized hard zones in weldment of susceptible.
Effect of coldwork on sulphide stress cracking resistance twi. Us5938865a process for producing highstrength seamless. Atomic hydrogen either combines to form h2 at the metal surface or diffuses into the metal matrix. In oil and gas production systems containing hydrogen sulphide h 2 s, however, this material is highly susceptible to sulphide stress cracking. Hydrogen sulfide is known to cause or assist in the mechanism of cracking with many alloy types including low carbon steels, low. Sulfide stress cracking resistant steels for heavy section. In combination with increased temperatures and pressure in environments containing chloride, sulfide stress cracking ssc can occur. Sulfide stress cracking nace mr01752002, mr0175iso 15156. Both references and underline the detrimental effect of cold. Nace mr0175 and mr0103 standards metals for sulfide stress.
With experimental work on the effect of the heat treatment methods on resistance to sulfide stress cracking, there has been an increased use of the quenched and tempered l80 grade. The test addresses the resistance of metals to cracking failure under the combined action of tensile stress and corrosion in aqueous environments conatining hydrogen sulfide h 2 s. H 2 s can cause sulfide stress cracking of stainless steels. The sour environment problem was first encountered by the petroleum industry more than 30. This standard presents metallic material requirements to provide resistance to sulfide stress cracking ssc andor stress corrosion cracking scc for petroleum production, drilling, gathering and flow line equipment, and field processing facilities to be used in hydrogen. Diesburgthe effects of processing variables on mechanical properties and sulfide stress cracking resistance of sae 45 steel modified with 0. Jul 25, 2017 sulfide stress cracking meaning sulfide s. The most common forms of wet h 2 s cracking are hydrogen induced cracking hic, stress oriented hydrogen induced cracking sohic, and sulfide stress cracking ssc. However, the resistance of the martensitic grades to sour media is limited and is likely to be controlled by the behaviour of any welded joints, due to local hardening. Concentration of h 2 s affected both the value of k issc and its.
Sulfide stress cracking of nickelcontaining lowalloy. Sulphide stress cracking tests were performed on cross. The stress corrosion cracking behaviour of uns n08031 in. Weldable martensitic % chromium stainless steels wmss are used for mildly sour welded flowlines in the oil and gas industry as an alternative to inhibited carbon steel or lined pipe. The national association of corrosion engineers nace test method tm0177 is. The effects of sulfide stress cracking on the mechanical properties. Sulphide stress cracking of 174 ph for applications in. Sulfide stress cracking of nickelcontaining lowalloy steels.
Dec 19, 2019 sulfide stress cracking ssc is a type of hydrogen cracking which presents a cathodic embrittlement mechanism. Standard material requirements sulfide stress cracking. Types of corrosion materials selection guide swagelok. Sulfide stress crackingnace mr01752002, mr0175iso 15156 650 te c h n i c a l the details nace mr0175, sulfide stress corrosion cracking resistant metallic materials for oil field equipment is widely used throughout the world. Sulfide stress cracking effects high strength effects high strength carbon steels above rockwell hardness 22 especially in petroleum production and petroleum refining. This standard addresses the testing of metals for resistance to cracking failure under the combined action of tensile stress and corrosion in aqueous environments containing hydrogen sulfide h 2 s. Sulphide stress cracking resistance of supermartensitic. Sulfide stress cracking ssc resistance was also studied as functions of ph and hsub 2s partial pressure. Nanostructured steel susceptibility to sulfide stress cracking. Sulphide stress cracking ssc is the biggest concern 9. Sulfide stress crackingresistant drill pipe addresses h2s. Laboratory testing of metals for resistance to sulfide.
Sulfide stress cracking is the cracking of a metal under the combined action of tensile stress and corrosion in the presence of water and hydrogen sulfide a form of hydrogen stress cracking. This standard presents metallic material requirements for resistance to sulfide stress cracking ssc for petroleum production, drilling, gathering and flowline equipment, and field processing facilities to be used in hydrogen sulfide h2sbearing hydrocarbon service. This standard is applicable to the materials andor equipment specified by the materials standards institutions listed in. Standard material requirements materials resistant to sulfide. Hydrogen sulphide stress corrosion cracking in materials for. The phenomenon of scc stresscorrosion cracking is a delayed failure process.
Effect of coldwork on sulphide stress cracking resistance. Sulfide stress corrosion cracking ssc behavior of line pipe steel was investigated using the ssc test method in nace standard tm017777, testing of metals for resistance to sulfide stress cracking at ambient temperatures. This phenomenon is generally termed sulfide stress cracking ssc when operating at room temperature and stress corrosion cracking scc when. Ssc is a form of hydrogen stress cracking resulting from absorption of atomic hydrogen that is produced by the sulfide corrosion reaction on the metal surface. Sulfide stress cracking is a form of hydrogen embrittlement that occurs in highstrength steels and in localized hard zones in weldment of susceptible materials when the environment contains wet h 2 s. An industry value that has been developed is nace mr01, 2003, from the national association of corrosion engineers. This phenomenon is generally termed sulfide stress cracking ssc when operating at room temperature and stress corrosion cracking scc when operating at. Typically these conditions occur in oil and gas extraction, predominantly offshore. Sulfide stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen induced cracking of a216wcc wellhead flow control valve body article pdf available in case studies in engineering failure analysis. Resistance to sulfide stress cracking natural gas and oil inherently contain a certain amount of hydrogen sulphide h 2 s. Wet hydrogen sulfide h2s cracking inspectioneering. Finally the advantages of the newly developed % cr octg are presented from the view points of high strength, high temperature and sour applications. Weldable martensitic stainless steels are an attractive alternative to duplex stainless steel for co 2resistant piping.
Effect of quenching temperature on sulfide stress cracking. Effect of pipe steel strength on sulfide stress cracking resistance. Table 2 lists several alloyenvironment com binations and the films that may form at the crack tip. Corrosion is a natural process that converts a refined metal into a more chemicallystable form such as oxide, hydroxide, or sulfide. April 2016 laboratory testing of metals for resistance to sulfide stress cracking and stress corrosion cracking in h2s environments. In late 2003, it became nace mr0175 iso 15156, petroleum and natural gas industries materials for use in h 2. There is a general agreement that plastic strain affects the resistance to sulphide stress cracking, even possibly for low amounts of strain and without significant changes in hardness. Sulfide stress cracking ssc is a type of hydrogen cracking which presents a cathodic embrittlement mechanism. Corrosionpedia what is sulfide stress cracking ssc.
Factors in sulfide corrosion cracking of high strength steels. Laboratory testing of metals for resistance to sulfide stress. That is, cracks initiate and propagate at a slow rate for example, 10 to 10 ms until the stresses in the remaining ligament of metal ex ceed the fracture. Factors in sulfide corrosion cracking of high strength. Ansinace mr0175 sulfide stress cracking resistant metallic. Purpose this paper aims to evaluate the sulfide stress cracking ssc resistance of l80 casing steels with different alloying chemistries e. Sulfide stress cracking an overview sciencedirect topics. The critical stress intensity factor for sulfide stress cracking, kissc, k issc of fully martensitic microstructures tempered to strength levels in the 620 to 725mpa range were 56 and 40mpam 12, whereas fully tempered bainitic microstructures with similar ys gave k issc values between 42 and 32mpam 12 garber, 1983. To do that, sulfide stress cracking resistance of 1cr0. The precipitationhardening stainless steel 174 ph is widely used for oilfield components tubing hangers and valve stems due to its favourable combination of high strength and corrosion resistance.
The resistance to chlorideinduced stress corrosion cracking of uns n08031 was tested on ubend specimens according to astm g 30 for a testing time of 2000 hours. Ansinace mr0175hd2003sg metals for sulfide stress cracking. Wet h 2 s corrosion can be a particularly dangerous form of corrosion because damage caused by it takes place on the interior of. To check its resistance to scc and ssc, several tests were performed. Nace tm01772016, laboratory testing of metals for resistance to sulfide stress cracking and stress corrosion cracking in h 2 s environments, standard test method, nace international, houston, tex, usa, 2016. Sulfide stress cracking resistant steels for heavy section wellhead. This standard presents metallic material requirements to provide resistance to sulfide stress cracking ssc andor stress corrosion cracking scc for petroleum production, drilling, gathering and flow line equipment, and field processing facilities to be used in hydrogen sulfide h2sbearing hydrocarbon service. Independently of the fact that the authors showed that nickel additions up to 2 wt% had no effect on the eac resistance of las, yoshino and minozaki demonstrated that sulfide stress cracking is, indeed, a form of hydrogen stress cracking.
This term should not be confused with stress corrosion cracking scs, since this is anodic in nature. Sulfide stress cracking ssc testing southwest research institute. Evaluation of the seabed temperature corrosion and. Hydrogen induced cracking hic is a form of tiny blistering damage caused by a high concentration of hydrogen in steel. Completion engineers and intervention supervisors should be aware of the partial pressure of h 2 s, and ensure that any pressure retaining equipment used in the completion, or for interventions is suitable for the intended service. Oct 24, 20 sulfide stress cracking resistant drill pipe addresses h2s challenges. Above 120f 49c, the diffusion rate is so fast that the hydrogen atoms pass through the material in such a rapid manner that the critical concentration is not reached. Sulfide stress cracking assessment of lowalloy l80 casing.
Pdf sulfide stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen induced. Sulfide stress corrosion cracking of line pipe corrosion. In this environment, not only is hydrogen sulfide stress cracking a concern, but the presence of. Pdf sulfide stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen. This phenomenon is generally termed sulfide stress cracking ssc when operating at room temperature and stress corrosion cracking scc when operating at higher temperatures. Webcorr provides corrosion consultancy services, corrosion expert witness and corrosion short courses for inhouse training, online and distance learning. However, available data remains scarce, in particular, few studies if any have published sufficient details for a full examination of the mechanisms at work. Standard material requirements sulfide stress cracking resistant metallic materials for oilfield equipment contents 1. Specimens after testing for scc resistance with uniaxial tension 3. Sulphide stress cracking ssc and electrochemical testing has been undertaken on parent weldable martensitic % chromium stainless steel wmss pipe in grade lc80s api 5ct supplied by nippon steel.